| 释义 |
pre·sume AHD[prĭ-zo͞omʹ] D.J.[prɪˈzuːm]K.K.[prɪˈzum]v.（动词）pre.sumed, pre.sum.ing, pre.sumes v.tr.（及物动词）- To take for granted as being true in the absence of proof to the contrary.推测，假定：在没有证据证明是相反的情况下想当然是正确的
- To give reasonable evidence for assuming; appear to prove.认定：为假设而给出合理的证据；似乎能证明
- To venture without authority or permission; dare:冒昧，擅自：没有权威或没得到允许就冒险地做；冒昧：He presumed to invite himself to dinner.他胆敢擅自前来吃饭
v.intr.（不及物动词）- To act overconfidently; take liberties.擅自行事：过分自信地行动；擅自行事
- To take unwarranted advantage of something; go beyond the proper limits:滥用，利用：非法地利用某物；超过适当界限：Don't presume on their hospitality.不要利用他们的热情好客
- To take for granted that something is true or factual; suppose:设想，相信：理所当然地认定某事是真的或确凿的；猜想：That's the new assistant, I presume.我想那就是新来的助理
- Middle English presumen 中古英语 presumen
- from Old French presumer 源自 古法语 presumer
- from Late Latin praesūmere 源自 后期拉丁语 praesūmere
- from Latin [to anticipate] 源自 拉丁语 [预料]
- prae- [pre-] prae- [前缀，表“在…之前”]
- sūmere [to take] * see em- sūmere [拿，取] * 参见 em-
presumʹedly AHD[-zo͞oʹmĭd-lē] （副词）presumʹer n.（名词）presume, presuppose, postulate, posit, assume- These verbs signify to take something for granted or as being a fact.Topresume is to suppose that something is reasonable, justifiable, sound, or possible in the absence of proof to the contrary: 这些动词都表示认为某事是理所当然的或认定某事是事实。Presume 是指在没有证据表明结果是相反的情况下认定某事是合理的，无可非议的，完美的或者是可能的： "I presume you're tired after the long ride" (Edith Wharton). “长途旅行后我想你肯定累了” （伊迪丝·华顿）。 We cannot presume the existence of life on other planets.我们不能推定其他行星上没有生物。
- Presuppose can mean merely to believe or suppose in advance;it can also mean to require as an antecedent condition: Presuppose 可仅指相信或预先假设；也可指要求有一个先决条件： It is unrealistic to presuppose a sophisticated knowledge of harmony and counterpoint in a beginning music student.要求一个初学的人具有和声学和对位法方面的知识是不现实的。The evolution of species presupposes a process of natural selection.生物演变是以自然选则的过程为前提的。
- Postulate andposit denote the assertion of the existence, reality, necessity, or truth of something, as something considered to be self-evident or axiomatic,as the basis for reasoning or argument: Postulate 和posit 意指对某事的存在、实现、需求或真相的断言， 如被认为是自明的或公理的某事，如作为推理和辩论的根据： "We can see individuals, but we can't see providence; we have to postulate it" (Aldous Huxley). “我们不得不认为我们可以看到个体却看不到远见；我们必须承认它” （阿尔道斯·赫胥黎）。 Historical linguists posit a common ancestor from which both Romance and Germanic languages descend. Toassume is to accept something as existing or being true without proof or on inconclusive grounds: 历史语言学家认为罗斯语系和德语语系由同一种语言演变而来。 Assume 是指在没有证据或不确定的情况下认为某事是存在的或是真实的： Why do you assume that I'm angry?为什么你会认为我在生气?"We must never assume that which is incapable of proof" (G.H. Lewes).“我们从不在没有证据证明的情况下假定某事” (G·H·路易斯）
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