| 释义 |
gruff AHD[grŭf] D.J.[grʌf]K.K.[grʌf]adj.（形容词）gruff.er, gruff.est - Brusque or stern in manner or appearance:粗鲁的，生硬的：行为或外表粗暴的或生硬的：a gruff reply.生硬的答复
- Hoarse; harsh:粗糙的；粗哑的：a gruff voice.粗哑的嗓音
- Dutch grof 荷兰语 grof
- from Middle Dutch 源自 中古荷兰语
- or Middle Low German 或 中古低地德语
gruffʹly adv.（副词）gruffʹness n.（名词）gruff, brusque, blunt, bluff, curt, crusty- These adjectives mean abrupt and sometimes discourteous in manner or speech.这些形容词意为粗鲁，有时意为在行为或言语上无礼。
- Gruff implies roughness or surliness of manner and often harsh speechbut does not necessarily suggest rudeness: Gruff 有举止粗鲁或暴躁、言语严厉的含义，但不一定意味着无礼： Her answer was gruff, but her eyes twinkled.她的回答很粗鲁，但她眨了眨眼睛。
- Brusque emphasizes rude abruptness: Brusque 强调无礼的粗暴： Try to cultivate a less brusque manner.尽量去培养不那么粗暴的举止。
- Blunt stresses utter franknessand usually a disconcerting directness: Blunt 则强调完全坦率，通常这种直率令人发窘： I have to be blunt: you're not welcome here.我必须直话直说，你在这里不受欢迎。
- Bluff refers to unpolished, unceremonious mannerbut usually implies hearty good nature: Bluff 指不拘礼仪的，唐突的态度，但通常出于热诚和好心： He has a bluff but rather pleasant manner.他举止粗鲁却可爱。
- Curt denotes usually rude briefness and abruptness of speech: Curt 含有简短无礼，言语生硬的意思： I received a curt letter telling me I was in arrears on my mortgage payments.我收到一封无礼的短信，说我拖欠了分期付款。
- Crusty suggests a rough and forbidding mannerthat sometimes conceals benevolence of spirit: Crusty 则指粗鲁，令人生畏的态度，有时暗含仁善之心： He's a crusty old gentleman who feeds stray dogs and cats. 他是个令人生畏的老绅士，常喂食离群的狗和猫。
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